Simple cases

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Case 56

56

I burned myself. I have these spots on my face and neck and I am worried about scarring.

An open question is a good way to start. Often, as in this case, the patient tells you almost all you need to know in just a few words.

Four days ago.

The time course is crucial for planning therapy.

It happened when I was cooking. Hot oil splattered from the pan and caught me on the face, neck and arms.

Notice has the lesions seem to be running down the face—a valuable clue that a liquid was responsible.

Yes, a few spots blistered, but they have dried and crusted.

Blisters help you assess the severity of the burn.

Yes, I immediately applied ice.

Immediate cooling is an important first aid measure for burns.

No, I don't go in the sun. Besides, it's been raining for days.

Sun exposure can accelerate post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, so the patient should avoid sun or religiously use a sunscreen.

No.

Even though we know this is not a drug reaction, the medication history is essential to plan therapy.

Choose the right efflorescences:

Correct. She still has some erosions—superficial skin defects following the burn and blisters.

Bulla are fluid-filled lesions. As the patient told us, the burns did blister, but these lesions are no longer present.

No papules are present.

Some of the lesions have evolved into hyperpigmented macules.

Choose the right diagnosis:

The history is clear—a burn.

Radiation dermatitis is caused by x-rays. It would never be no spotty.

We know that was an accident, but burns can be self-induced.

This is a 2nd degree burn with erythema, blisters, erosions, weeping and crusts. The cause was drops of oil which were splashed onto the skin during cooking. A 2nd degree burn usually heals without scars, but post-inflammatory changes are likely.

Both the history and the examination suggest physically-induced damage.

Choose the right therapy(ies):

Too late. The patient did this when the burn occurred.

This burn is not severe enough for hospitalization and fluid replacement. As a rough rule, if more than 10% of the body surface is involved with 2nd degree burns, hospitalization should be considered.

Silver sulfadiazine cream is so beloved in this situation that in some circles it is known as “burn butter.”

Generous pain relief is a mainstay of all burn therapy.

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