过敏性接触性湿疹。
1.1.5 过敏性接触性皮炎
Grading & Level of Importance: B
同义词
定义
常见的皮炎类型,因对施加于皮肤的外源性(接触性)变应原(半抗原)发生迟发型超敏反应 (IV型)而引起。
病因和发病机理
通过变应原特异性致敏T细胞介导的超敏反应(IV型)引起。免疫学敏化时间至少5-10天;临床症状可以在数月至数年后首次出现。在致敏的个体,皮炎在8-24小时的潜伏期后出现,偶尔发生于更长时间之后。个体变应原引起过敏的潜力不同。
常见接触变应原:
症状
过敏性接触性皮炎起始于变应原接触部位。最初表现为急性丘疱疹。皮损迅速糜烂渗出伴剧烈瘙痒,波及接触区域之外,边界不规则。后期结痂脱屑。慢性型以皮肤苔藓样变、增厚的鳞屑和皲裂为主要表现。有时表现为没有急性期的慢性病变。
部位
实验室检查
组织病理
角化不全、海绵状水肿、棘层松解、淋巴细胞表皮内外渗,以及炎症性淋巴组织细胞浸润。
病程
临床表现通常在避免接触变应原后1-2周消退;但接触敏感性通常持续终生。
并发症
脓疱疮化、慢性持久性皮炎(即便在避免接触变应原后)和红皮病。
诊断
探寻性的工作(详细病史询问,包括工作、业余爱好和习惯);斑帖试验。
鉴别诊断
治疗
1. 避免接触变应原
Tests
- Which efflorescence is not typical for acute allergic contact dermatitis?
- Statement 1: The Location of an allergic contact eczema may indicate the responsible allergen
- Which are (or used to be) the sources of exposure for chromate?
- Which statements about allergic contact dermatitis are true?
- Which of these is the cause of allergic contact dermatitis?
- Statement 1 If a Type IV allergy is identified, the antigen must be completely avoided
- Allergic contact dermatitis can appear at the following sites:
- Which diseases belong to the differential diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis?
 
         
         
         
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